Among the formation of the islamic empire, the umayyad and abbasid dynasties formed, each using different methods for expansion and gaining power. A list of caliphs and wazirs in the islamic world covering dynastic reigns rashidun, umayyad, abbasid, barmakid, tulunid, ikhshidid, fatimid, ayyubid, mamluk. The umayyad and abbasid caliphates the umayyad caliphate 661750 the umayyad caliphate 661750 you dont have permission to view this page. The dynasties enthusiasms in islamic teachings and culture were highly fueled by its take over from the umayyad dynasty. The abbasid revolution in 746, in the marginalized regions of modern day iran, the region called khorasan erupted in revolt against the weakened umayyad caliphate. The abbasid revolution the abbasid dynasty overthrew the preceding umayyad dynasty, which was based in damascus, syria. Describe the different methods of expansion used by the umayyad and abbasid dynasties. The umayyad caliphate was the second of the four major islamic caliphates established after the death of muhammad it was the largest empire in the world at the time. Umayyad dynasty, the first great muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate 661750. Timeline of the umayyad, abbasid, abbasidseljuk empires the three dynasties timeline created by tejabalasubramanian.
Abbasid dynasties in the rise and spreading of the islam religion, there were many dynasties that were similar and different in their own way. Umayyad caliphate simple english wikipedia, the free. Umayyads to abbasids has been primarily based on the. Culturally through religious toleration and cultural blending, the umayyad and abbasid dynasties can be compared. You will be tested on subjects such as islamic religious rulers and caliphs. Differentiate the methods used by the umayyad and abbasid dynasties to expand islamic civilization by doing the following. The umayyad dynasty also suffered from overextension, as in the 700s ad, to manage an empire stretching from modernday spain to the borders of modernday india was extremely difficult. After killing off most of the umayyads and destroying the graves of the umayyad rulers apart from muawiyah and umar ibn adb alaziz, the history books written during the later abbasid period are more anti umayyad.
Son of abu sufyan, muhammads most bitter umayyad opponent, muawiya became caliph after the death of ali. From the umayyad perspective however, there is a significant degree of overlap. Oct 09, 2014 flipped classroom lecture on umayyad and abbasid empires. The umayyad and abbasid dynasties were ruled by muhammad, caliphs, kings.
Umayyad dynasty, the first great muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate. Start studying islam, umayyad, abbasid, safavid etc learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Set country flag abbasid revolution lose 2 stability a random owned province in persia region gains 5k pretender rebels led by abu alabbas if it doesnt have a province in persian region, 5k pretender rebels led by assaffah abbasid spawn in a not. One of his first orders of business was to transfer the capital from madina to damascus, where the first major systematic encounters between greek and islamic thought took place.
Abbasid umayyad dominance in the east was challenged by a rising faction, the abbasids, who joined others opposing the empires secular emphasis. The abbasid dynastys reign marks the beginning of the golden age of arabic literature, as the tradition continues an earlier flow of influence. There are different narrations which encourage all muslims to pursue knowledge even if in a far land. After the death of mohammed in 632 ad, the leadership of the new religion, and of the newly united arab tribes, was taken over by mohammeds upperclass fatherinlaw. Although the chronology remains somewhat uncertain, the building seems to have been completed in 692, which means that it was under.
However, when the umayyad family was ousted from power and the abbasids rose to prominence, the center of. The abbasid dynasty descended from muhammad s youngest uncle, abbas ibn abd almuttalib 566653 ce, from whom the dynasty takes its name. The umayyad and abbasid dynasties were ruled by muhammad. First, is the discussion of the umayyad dynasty and its administration. This makes it the largest muslim dynasty and one of the largest empires of human history. The umayyad caliphate ruled the islamic empire from 661750 ce. They assumed the caliphal title after ousting the ruling umayyad dynasty, hence serving as the second of. The abbasid caliphate was the third caliphate to succeed the islamic prophet muhammad. The caliphate replaces the rule of the sunni umayyad caliphate on august 6, 750, with cores, bordering miaphysite aksum, alodia, beja and makuria south, fellow. The umayyads had become increasingly unpopular, especially in the eastern territories of the caliphate. Muawiyah ibn abu sufyan was the first umayyad caliph, ruling from 661 to 680. At first, even though arabic became the official language and islam the principal religion of the diverse lands unified under umayyad rule, artists continued to work in their established manner. Prior to the advent of islam, the umayyads were a largely merchant family of the quraysh tribe centered at mecca. Why are the rashidun, umayyads and abbasids discussed as.
The abbasid dynasty, ruling from baghdad, took black as a symbol of mourning for the assassination of relatives of the prophet and in remembrance of the battle of karbala. The umayyad and abbasid dynasties were ruled by caliphs. Rise and fall of umayyad and abbasid empires youtube. Primary sources from umayyad times history stack exchange. Difference between abbasid and umayyad empire origins. This book gives an excellent introduction, going into depth on how the west has viwed the islamic world, and viceversca. What were some intellectual achievements of the umayyad. Methods for expanding territory and power continuing through history, the new formation of the islamic empire began in 630 ce. This quiz and worksheet will demonstrate your knowledge of the umayyad dynasty. This part discusses the umayyad and abbasid dynasties. Bitter religious and political struggle between sunnis, and the followers of ali, the shiites. Firstly, the rashidun, abu bakr, umar, uthman, and ali, were not closely related and did not succeed one another as a coherent dynasty. The caliphate was ruled by the umayyad dynasty arabic.
Contrast the religious policies and political administration of the umayyad and abbasid dynasties. The abbasids, at their start, are a sunni mashriqi caliphate who takes up the regions of egypt africa continent, arabia, mashriqi near east subcontinent, asia continent, persia and khorasan persia subcontinent, asia continent. The abbasid dynasty embraced islamic teachings with ultimate enthusiasm. This large empire consisted of departments of war, tax, secretariat, privy seal, post. Umayyad caliphate also kept the unity of islamic caliphate as more than one muslim dynasties appeared soon after the fall of umayyad dynasty. Historically speaking, again, to my knowledge the umayyads were the rulers of the second caliphate, but were overthrown by the abbasid s who, maybe not technically, but in basic terms sort of a cousin family, with both of them being two cadet dynasties originating from abu bakar. Mohammed left no sons, and in any case there was no tradition of sons taking over in the arab world.
Activities of abbasid, fatimid and alawi after the old rivalry between umayyad and hashemite began, hashemite worked in three groups, abbasid, fatimid and alawi. The abbasid dynasty depended on regional governors for military control and the collection of taxes. Then it goes onto the first chapter, where it discusses preislamic arabia, the life of mohammad, the rashidun, the schism between sunni and shia, and the umayyad and abbasid dynasties. The islamic changes of the umayyad and abbasid empires youtube. Jan 1, 762 capital of the abbasids moves to baghdad. The abbasid dynasty s reign marks the beginning of the golden age of arabic literature, as the tradition continues an earlier flow of influence from hellenic and near eastern cultures. They are defeated at mecca by muhammads forces but are embraced by muhammad and become a powerful muslim clan that will lead the faith after muhammad. The religious policies and political administration of the umayyad and abbasids dynasties are unique in their own way. The umayyad caliphs appointed governors over the three crucial areas of the hejaz, yemen, and oman, but in iraq occasional powerful governors managed to control. The umayyad and abbasid dynasties were powerful caliphates that ruled expanded territories over the middle east and north of africa, who altogether ruled over 600 years. The abbasid dynasty was based on the modern day iraq. The umayyad caliphate 661750 ce jewish virtual library. There are still kharjites around today, mainly in north africa and southern arabia, but they were the most significant oppositional group in early islam. The caliphate was founded and led by the umayyads, a meccan family.
The name of this dynasty comes from umayya ibn abd shams, the greatgrandfather of the first umayyad caliph. Students will make a timeline covering three periods. The umayyad caliphate came into existence first since it was established in 661. Differences between umayyad and abbasid caliphates. Do now take out your current events worksheet and place it on your desk. It seems likely that it was not until the later part of the umayyad period that traditions, religious or historical and the distinction is not always clear, came to be committed to writing with any frequency. List of rulers of the islamic world heilbrunn timeline of art history. The abbasid caliphate came into strong existence in 750. Abbasid caliphate until destroyed by the mongol invasion in 1258. Factors leading to the downfall of the umayyad dynasty.
Early islamic architecture umayyad and abbasid dynasties. In spite of being strong enough to demolish umayyad, they diverted umayyads power to themselves which could have been utilized on other enemies. The abbasids were an arabic dynasty who ruled over most of the islamic empire save some western parts from 750 to 1258 ce. At its peak, the umayyad dynasty was ruling middle east, north africa, iberian peninsula, persia and central asia. Umayyad dynasty article about umayyad dynasty by the free. A revolt that grew to a revolutions and installed a new dynasty that presided over the most glistening age for islam the abbasid caliphate.
Abbasid and umayyad caliphates a caliphate is an islamic form of government led by a caliph are two of the four major arab caliphates in the islamic world, that were established after the death of muhammad. The abbasid caliphate was a major dynasty that ruled over the islamic empire during its peak. Similarities between umayyad and abbasid caliphates. Umayyad dynasty timeline ancient history encyclopedia. The sunnis won, and established the umayyad dynasty, its capital of damascus in syria. The abbasid victors desecrated the tombs of the umayyads in syria, sparing only that of umar ii, and most of the remaining members of the umayyad family were tracked down and killed. Difference between abbasid and umayyad empire compare. This caliphate was centered on the umayyad dynasty, hailing from mecca. Damascus was the capital from 661744, harrran from 744750, and in exile their.
The abbasids were members of the hashim clan, rivals of the umayyads, but the word hashimiyya seems to refer specifically to abu hashim, a grandson of. The umayyad caliphate was one of the most powerful and expansive of the islamic caliphates. This meant that the leader of the caliphate, called the caliph, was typically the son or other male relative of the previous caliph. Caliph abu al abbas caliph abu jafar almansur important city. The umayyad caliphate was the second of the four major islamic caliphates established after the death of muhammad. Compare and contrast the issues which ended the umay. When the abbasid dynasty revolted against the umayyads and killed many of their ruling family members, a few umayyads escaped to the iberian peninsula and. Like the umayyad caliphate before it, the leader of the abbasids was called the caliph. The government of the umayyad dynasty had work to establish and manage a large empire acrobatiq. Established by the last umayyad prince fleeing syria after the abbasid conquest, the spanish umayyads were the first of many muslim dynasties to rule in spain. Much of the anti umayyad literature started to appear in the later abbasid period in persia. Muhammad ibn ali, a greatgrandson of abbas, began to campaign for the return of power to the family of muhammad, the hashimites, in persia during the reign of umar ii, an umayyad caliph who ruled. The umayyad dynasty of damascus came to an end by the year. It is the fifth largest empire in history it was ruled by the umayyad dynasty arabic.
Umayyad period 661750 from the metropolitan museum of arts timeline of. The abbasid revolution, also called the movement of the men of the black raiment, was the overthrow of the umayyad caliphate 661750 ce, the second of the four major caliphates in early islamic history, by the third, the abbasid caliphate 7501258 ce. The abbasid caliphate came into power later on after umayyad. The hashimiyya movement a subsect of the kaysanites shia, led by the abbasid family, overthrew the umayyad caliphate. Part two in a screencast lecture in six parts on history of islam, and the groups within it. In 661, the islamic caliphate came under the rule of the umayyad dynasty, which chose damascus to be the administrative capital of the muslim world. H abdul rahman founds the umayyad state in spain 763 ce, 145 a.
In general, these muslim leaders were tolerant toward jewish and christian peoples, who had to pay a special tax to continue to practice their religion explanation. Among the most notable of these dynasties claiming abbasid descent are the wadai empire which ruled parts of modernday sudan, bahawalpur in india, and the khanate of bastak. In order to make the greek tradition more accessible, understandable, and. The term is particularly used in the history of ancient egypt as a convenient means of arranging the. The umayyad dynasty produced little of what we would consider decorative arts.
Abbasid and umayyad empires by eleanor werner on prezi. A successful revolt by the abbasids manage to dispose the umayyad caliphate and the new abbasid capliphate is put into power. Two powerful dynasties, the umayyad and the abbasid, ruled the islamic world. The umayyad dynasty enjoyed dominance and political power up to 750 ce. Although its leaders were followers of islam, it was a period marked by religious tolerance, with followers of. It was founded by a dynasty descended from muhammads uncle, abbas ibn. The abbasid caliphate came into strong existence in 750 ce kennedy 24. H khariji state set up by ibn madrar at sijilmasa 786 ce, 169 a. Abbasid dynasty was overthrown by the mongols in 1258 ad.
With a total time period of about 800 years, students can allot two inches to each century. The umayyad caliphate was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of muhammad. Abbasid was actually the direct party that took power from umayyad dynasty. The umayyad caliphate or dynasty 661750 c e was the first great islamic empire. Despite the similarity of faith both umayyad and abbasid dynasty shared muslim faith, there were many. Timeline of the umayyad, abbasid, abbasidseljuk empires. There will be rewards for keeping track of your stuff. During the time of the abbasids, the caliph was usually the son or other closest male relative of the previous caliph.
At the time, the umayyad caliphate was the largest empire the world had seen. Throughout the umayyad and the early abassid period, the kharjite movement was the center of almost all the opposition to these two caliphate dynasties. The nature of islamic art from the metropolitan museum of arts timeline of art. The end of the umayyad dynasty came about by being attacked by abbasid forces that arrived in arab lands from the area of persia. Coming to power three decades after the death of the muslim prophet muhammad and immediately after the rashidun caliphate, the umayyads. Damascus was the political, commercial, and cultural center of the umayyad dynasty.
This era produced greater advancements in arts, science, and architecture. Start studying early islamic architecture umayyad and abbasid dynasties. Umayyad dynasty synonyms, umayyad dynasty pronunciation, umayyad dynasty translation, english dictionary definition of umayyad dynasty. The white flag, the colour of the umayyad dynasty, was inscribed with the mottothere is no god but god allah and mohammed is the prophet of god.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The umayyad empire is the fifth largest empire in history. The abbasids also distinguished themselves from the umayyads by attacking their moral character and administration in general. Asked in chinese dynasties what are the rulers and dynasties in islam in the. According to the umayyads, uthman would have been the first umayyad caliph. Umayyad dynasty definition of umayyad dynasty by the free. A popular uprising beginning in khurasan eastern iran and spreading west brings the death of the umayyad ruling family at the hand of the caliph abu alabbas alsaffah, the first abbasid ruler. Most narratives about the events during the umayyad rule come from sources that were compiled during the succeeding abbasid rule. Damascus was captured by muslim arab forces led by khalid ibn alwalid in 634. Umayyadabbasid empire project by margeaux biche on prezi. Since the abbasids came to power through armed insurrection against the umayyad government, it is possible that certain biases may have crept in narratives written during their rule. Spain secedes from the abbasid caliphate and a new dynasty is established there under umayyad leadership. The abbasids, an army composed of nonarab muslims who were mistreated under the umayyad rule and anti umayyad arabs.
The umayyad period is often considered the formative period in islamic art. Dynasty, a family or line of rulers, a succession of sovereigns of a country belonging to a single family or tracing their descent to a common ancestor greek dynadeia, sovereignty. Timeline of the umayyad, abbasid, abbasidseljuk empires the. In this module, we briefly discuss the history, accomplishments, and mistakes of the umayyad. The abbasids brought down the umayyads in 750 and sought to kill as many umayyad family members as possible to avoid its later resurgence. Introduction abbasid empire libguides at sharon high. Comparison of umayyad and abbasid dynasty free essays. Bibliography islamic scholars flourish preserve and interpret greek writings chinese paper formally introduced islamic empires abbasid manuscript major use of written word clara greenfield and margeaux biche umayyad empire mosque of the immortal crane c. Decline 657750ce umayyad clan starts as a foe to muhammad. Category umayyad caliphate abbasid caliphate origin. When abbasids declared amnesty for members of the umayyad family, eighty gathered to receive pardons, and all were massacred. While umayyad dynasty ruled for nearly 100 years from 661 to 750 ad, abbasid dynasty, that overthrew umayyad dynasty, ruled for nearly 500 years 750 ad to 1258 ad.
It was the largest empire in the world at the time. Abbasid dynasty, second of the two great dynasties of the muslim empire of the caliphate. In 1055, seljuq turkmen who had gradually moved into abbasid territory, took control of. In general, these muslim leaders were tolerant toward jewish and christian, shinto, confucian peoples, who had to petition the government, pay a special tax, join the army to continue to practice their religion. In an extensive program of arabization, arabic became the official state. The capital city of baghdad was sacked by the mongols in 1258 watch. The name umayyad is taken from umayya ibn abd shams, the greatgrandfather of the first umayyad caliph. After the assassination of ali, a group called the umayyads came to power and chose muawiya as the fifth caliph. The umayyads favored syrian arabs over other muslims and treated mawali, newly converted muslims, as secondclass citizens.
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